Abstract
We present evidence that normal autobiographical memories and “recovered”
autobiographical memories of long-forgotten traumatic events are produced
by the same mechanisms. The basic process involve the parallel storage
of information in a set of independent modules, the selective retrieval
and re-aggregation of this dispersed information within an appropriate
spatiotemporal context, and the organization of this aggregate by a narrative.
The result is a seamless blend of retrieved information (that which is
recalled) and knowledge (that which is inferred) experienced as an autobiographical
memory. The critical difference between normal and recovered memories,
by this account, is the impact of trauma on the storage process: the physiological
consequences of trauma can include a disabling of the neural module responsible
for encoding the appropriate spatiotemporal context. Recovered memory
involves retrieval of memory fragments, confabulation (innocent or not)
driven by inference, and the fitting of a context to the incomplete aggregate.
This too is experienced as an autobiographical memory. The implications
of this view for estimating the veridicality of recovered memories are
discussed.